HALLMARKS OF GERMAN SILVER
MARKS AND HALLMARKS OF GERMANY
- 19TH AND 20TH CENTURY (POST 1888) -

German hallmarking system was unified in 1888 (see Decree January 7, 1886) adopting the national mark "crescent and crown" indicating in thousandths the fineness of silver. This system is still in use in present days.

The previous system of antique German silver marks was based on different town marks symbols and the silver fineness was indicated in "loth" (12 loth corresponding to 750/1000, 13 loth = 812/1000, 14 loth = 875/1000, 15 loth = 937/1000)

German silver 17/18th century marks

German silver 19th century marks

Hanau silver marks

GERMAN SILVER HALLMARKS OF THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURY (post 1888)

	Gebrüder Kühn - Schwäbisch Gmünd Founded in 1860 by Johann Stanislaus Nepomuk Kühn. His sons Emil and Gustav Kühn succeeded to their father as Gebrüder Kühn. In 1914 a third generation takes over the business: Max Kühn and Gustav Kühn jr. (dead c. 1940). After the death of Max (1918), Karl Veit entered as partner managing the firm enlarged up to 300 employees. After his death (1953) two sons of Karl, Werner and Rolf Veit, acquired the full property of the company from the Kühn family achieving great success from the collaboration of designer Karl Dittert (1959). In 1984 Sonja Quandt takes over the management of the company simplifying production on high-end and quality products. The firm is now active under the style Gebr. Kühn Silbermanufaktur GmbH & Co. KG
	Franz Bahner - Düsseldorf 1920c./1960c.property of Mansfelder Silber Founded in 1895. Specialist in silver flatware. Executed designs by Peter Behrens c. 1905. Closed in the 1960s ref: Sänger/Das deutsche Silber-Besteck page 271 Bröhan/Metallkunst Abbildung IV page 9, Katalog-No.11, page 586 Saur Art Nouveau and Art deco Silver, Annelies Krekel-Albersee, pag. 251
	Fritz Gerber & Co - Gorlitz/Schlesien c. 1910

	Friedrich Reusswig - Hanau 1903-1926 ref: Scheffler/Goldschmiede Hessens No.556 page 541
	Carl Heisler - Mannheim, end of 19th century Court's Silversmith, specialized in Rococo sets. In connection with Belgian silversmith Louis Wolfers (1820-1892) and, from 1890, with his son Philippe ref: Bröhan/Metallkunst der Moderne VI page 27/28
	Richard Köberlin - Döbeln/Sachsen, c. 1900 specialized in silver flatware ref: Sänger/Das deutsche Silber-Besteck page 273
	Gebrüder Reiner Silberbesteckfabrik - Krumbach/Bayern, c. 1910 ref: Deutsches Goldschmiede-Jahrbuch 1913 No.472, Neuwirth/Marken-Lexikon für Kunstgewerbe No.375

	A. Schollkopf - Pforzheim - c. 1910
	Gebrüder Friedländer - Berlin - founded 1829 active from 1860, House Jeweller of the Princess Luise of Prussia. Executed silver designed by the painter Wilhelm Lucas von Cranach c. 1900 ref: : Scheffler/Berliner Goldschmiede No.2018 Art Nouveau and Art deco Silver, Annelies Krekel-Albersee, pag. 254
	KÖRNER & PROLL - Berlin the factory was created in Berlin by Franz Eduard KÖRNER and Friedrich William PROLL in 1845. The firm is still active. ref: : Neuwirth/Markenlexikon Edle und unedle Metalle page 64, Scheffler/Berliner Goldschmiede No.2026
	Robert Kraft, Pforzheim c. 1920
	Emil Hermann, Waldstetten

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