HALLMARKS OF ENGLISH SILVER
MAKER'S MARK IDENTIFICATION - ILLUSTRATED LISTING

WITH THE ADDITION OF SCOTTISH, IRISH, CHANNEL ISLANDS AND COLONIES SILVERMITHS
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BRITISH SILVERSMITHS
ILLUSTRATED LISTING OF SILVER MAKERS MARKS
LC - LZ
A&/AC    AD/AK    AL/AZ    B&/BB    BC/BO    BP/BZ    C&/CA    CB/CC    CD/CF    CG/CL    CM/CS    CT/CZ    D&/DB    DC/DL    DM/DZ    E&/EA    EB/ED    EE/EH    EI/EO    EP/EZ    F&/FD    FE/FJ    FK/FZ    G&/GB    GC/GG    GH/GL    GM/GR    GS/GZ    H&/H&    HA/HB    HC/HE    HF/HL    HM/HU    HV/HZ    I&/IG    IH/IL    IM/IZ    J&/JA    JB/JC    JD/JG    JH/JK    JL/JQ    JR/JR    JS/JS    JT/JZ    K&/KZ    L&/LB    LC/LZ    M&/MB    MC/MI    MJ/MZ    N&/NZ    O&/OZ    P&/PK    PL/PZ    QA/QZ    R&/RB    RC/RG    RH/RK    RL/RQ    RR/RZ    S&/SB    SC/SI    SJ/SR    SS/SZ    T&/TC    TD/TG    TH/TN    TO/TS    TT/TZ    U&/UZ    V&/VZ    W&/WA    WB/WB    WC/WC    WD/WE    WF/WG    WH/WL    WM/WM    WN/WR    WS/WS    WT/XZ    Y&/YZ    Z&/ZZ   

ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF MAKER'S MARKS
AA/AE    AF/AZ    BA/BZ    CA/CH    CI/CZ    DA/DZ    EA/EZ    FA/FZ    GA/GZ    HA/HG    HH/HZ    IA/IG    IH/IZ    JA/JC    JD/JI    JJ/JP    JQ/JS    JT/JZ    KA/LZ    MA/MZ    NA/PA    PB/PZ    QA/RJ    RK/RZ    SA/SG    SH/SZ    TA/TH    TI/TZ    UA/WB    WC/WF    WG/WL    WM/WS    WT/ZZ   

ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF SILVERSMITHS' NAMES
 A    B    C    D     E    F    G    H    I    J    K    L    M    N    O    P    Q    R    S    T    U    V    W    X     Y    Z 
| |HOW TO READ ENGLISH/BRITISH STERLING  SILVER MARKS| | DUTY MARKS | LEOPARD'S HEAD | LONDON MARKS | WOMEN SILVERSMITHS | PSEUDO HALLMARKS | IMPORT MARKS | CONTEMPORARY MARKS | HERALDRY & FAMILY CRESTS | OLD ADVERTISEMENTS | FACTORIES & SHOPS: OLD IMAGES |
(click on the photo to enlarge image)

L.C over G.C into a quatrefoil mark, Louisa Coultauld & George Cowles, London 1771
L.C over G.C into a quatrefoil
Louisa Coultauld & George Cowles,
London 1771 hallmark
L.D into an oval mark, Louis Dessoutter, London 1897
L.D into an oval
Louis Dessoutter,
entered 1897
London 1907 hallmark
courtesy www.acsilver.co.uk
L.E mark, Lawrence Emanuel, Birmingham 1897 L.E mark, Lawrence Emanuel, Birmingham 1897
L.E
Lawrence Emanuel,
Warstone Parade, Birmingham
Birmingham 1897 hallmark
LE into a square mark, Lawrence Emanuel, Birmingham 1909
LE into a square
Lawrence Emanuel,
Warstone Parade, Birmingham
Birmingham 1909 hallmark
L.F.B&Co into a rectangle mark, L.F. Brenner & Co, London 1902
L.F.B&Co into a rectangle
L.F. Brenner & Co,
Active since 1901 as Brenner, Fridrich & Co. In 1904 was registered L.F. Brenner & Co Ltd as the London Branch of L.F. Brenner & Co, Pforzheim, Germany,
London 1902 hallmark
L.H into an oval mark, L.Henzelmann , Birmingham 1910, courtesy Robert Massart
L.H into an oval
Leopold Heinzelmann,
60 Atlantic road London SW
Birmingham 1910 hallmark
LH and English pseudo-hallmarks mark, Louis Hulsman , Halifax - Nova Scotia 1799-1815
LH and English pseudo-hallmarks
Louis Hulsman,
a Canada silversmith
Halifax - Nova Scotia 1799-1815 mark
LJM into a circle mark, L J Millington, Birmingham 2004
LJM into a circle
L J Millington,
Birmingham 2004 hallmark
LK into a rectangle mark, Laurence Keary, Dublin 1825
LK into a rectangle
Laurence Keary,
Dublin 1825 hallmark
LL into an oval mark, L. Links, Edinburgh 2001
LL into an oval
L. Links ,
Edinburgh 2001 hallmark
L.L without frame mark, Louis Landsberg, London 1895
L.L without frame
Louis Landsberg,
London 1895
L.Ltd mark, Lanson Ltd, Birmingham 1939
L.Ltd
Lanson Ltd,
Birmingham 1939 hallmark
LO under a 'key' over a dot mark, Nathaniel Lock, London 1713
LO under a 'key' over a dot
Nathaniel Lock,
entered 1699
London 1713 hallmark
LR&Co into four circles mark, not identified, Sheffield 1934
LR&Co into four circles
not identified,
Sheffield 1934 hallmark
courtesy www.acsilver.co.uk
L.R.Ld without contour mark, Louis Raynor Ltd, Chester 1920
L.R.Ltd without contour
Louis Raynor Ltd,
25a Hatton Garden, London
entered 1916
Chester 1920 hallmark (import)
LRW into an oblong chamfered rectangle mark, Lawrence R Watson & Co Ltd, Birmingham 1988
LRW into an oblong chamfered rectangle
Lawrence R Watson & Co Ltd,
Sheriff Hutton, York, North Yorkshire
Birmingham 1988 hallmark
L.S mark, L Spiers, Birmingham 1892 L.S mark, L Spiers, Birmingham 1892
L.S
L Spiers,
Birmingham 1892 hallmark
L.S. mark, not identified, London 1951
L.S.
not identified
London 1951 hallmark
L.S & Co into a lozenge mark, Lionel Smith & Co, Birmingham 1925
L.S &Co into a lozenge
Lionel Smith & Co
Spencer Street, Birmingham
Birmingham 1925 hallmark
L.T and English pseudo-hallmarks mark, Lawrence Twentyman, Cape Colony 1830 c.
L.T and English pseudo-hallmarks
Lawrence Holme Twentyman,
a Cape of Good Hope Colony silversmith. Born on 5 May 1793 in Liverpool, he was the son of John Middleton Twentyman and Phoebe Holme. After an apprenticeship as a clock and watchmaker he arrived at the Cape on 12 June 1818. In 1821 he married Betsy Burrell. He left the Cape in 1832 returning for short periods in 1835, 1837, 1844 and in 1846. The firm was described as Twentyman & Co (1832) and Twentyman and Warner (1842-1844) continuing the trade under various styles until 1887 but no mention of watchmaking or silversmithing activity is known after 1837.
Cape Colony 1830 c. hallmark
LW into a chamfered shape mark, Louis Willmott, London 1906
LW into a chamfered shape
Louis Willmott
entered 1906
London 1906 hallmark
L.W over H.H into a shield mark, Louis Weill & Henry Harburg, London 1876 L.W over H.H into a shield mark, Louis Weill & Henry Harburg, London 1876
L.W over H.H into a shield
Louis Weill & Henry Harburg
London 1876 hallmark
a memorandum of Louis Weill & Henry Harburg, London


BRITISH TOWN MARKS AND DATE LETTERS



MORE on the tutorial:     HOW TO READ ENGLISH/BRITISH STERLING  SILVER MARKS

The hallmarking of British silver is based on a combination of marks that makes possible the identification of the origin and the age of each silver piece manufactured or traded in the UK. The marks are:

Town mark, corresponding to the mark of the Assay Office that has verified the piece
London town mark Sheffield town mark Birmingham town mark Newcastle town mark Dublin town mark Edinburgh town mark Glasgow town mark

Lion passant guardant or Britannia or lion's head erased, certifiying the silver quality
lion passant: 1598-1820 lion passant: after 1820 Britannia and lion's head erased: from 1697 to 1718

Maker's mark, identifying the silversmith presenting the piece to the assay office (usually the initials of Christian name and surname of the silversmith)
examples of maker's mark

Date letter, in cycles of twenty letters of the alphabet of different shape identifies the year in which the piece was verified by the Assay Office
London date letter 'a'

A further mark was used in the period 1784 - 1890: Sovereign head ('duty mark'), certifying the payment of the duty
Sovereign head: duty mark George III, 1784 Sovereign head: duty mark George III, 1795 Sovereign head: duty mark George IV, 1822 Sovereign head: duty mark George IV, 1825 Sovereign head: duty mark William IV, 1835 Sovereign head: duty mark Victoria, 1838


SILVER MARKS AND HALLMARKS DIRECTORY
worldwide hallmarks overview WORLD OVERVIEW   (under construction)      Argentina     Australia      Austria      Austria-Hungary      Belgium      Brazil      Canada      Cape Colony      Channel Islands      Chinese Export Silver      Colombia      Czechoslovakia      Czechia/Czech Republic      Denmark      Egypt      England, Scotland, Ireland (town)      Estonia      Europe hallmarks      Finland      France      Germany      Hanau      Hungary      Iran (Persia)      Ireland      Italy      Latvia      Lithuania      Malta      Mexico      The Netherlands      Norway      Peru      Pipe makers and pipe mounters      Poland      Portugal      Romania      Russia      Russia (Artels)      Russia (Kokoshnik)      Scotland      Scotland (Provincial)      Slovakia      South Africa      Spain      Sri Lanka      Sweden      Switzerland      UK makers (sterling)      UK (contemporary marks)      USA (sterling)      Yogya silver


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