ENGLISH SILVER HALLMARKS DIRECTORY
SILVER MAKERS MARKS IDENTIFICATION
WITH THE ADDITION OF SCOTTISH, IRISH, CHANNEL ISLANDS AND COLONIES SILVERMITHS



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BRITISH SILVERSMITHS - ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF SILVER MAKERS MARKS
THE DIRECTORY OF MAKER'S MARKS
WC - WF
AA/AE    AF/AZ    BA/BZ    CA/CH    CI/CZ    DA/DZ    EA/EZ    FA/FZ    GA/GZ    HA/HG    HH/HZ    IA/IG    IH/IZ    JA/JC    JD/JI    JJ/JP    JQ/JS    JT/JZ    KA/LZ    MA/MZ    NA/PA    PB/PZ    QA/RJ    RK/RZ    SA/SG    SH/SZ    TA/TH    TI/TZ    UA/WB    WC/WF    WG/WL    WM/WS    WT/ZZ   

MARKS' IMAGES
A&/AC    AD/AK    AL/AZ    B&/BB    BC/BO    BP/BZ    C&/CA    CB/CC    CD/CF    CG/CL    CM/CS    CT/CZ    D&/DB    DC/DL    DM/DZ    E&/EA    EB/ED    EE/EH    EI/EO    EP/EZ    F&/FD    FE/FJ    FK/FZ    G&/GB    GC/GG    GH/GL    GM/GR    GS/GZ    H&/H&    HA/HB    HC/HE    HF/HL    HM/HU    HV/HZ    I&/IG    IH/IL    IM/IZ    J&/JA    JB/JC    JD/JG    JH/JK    JL/JQ    JR/JR    JS/JS    JT/JZ    K&/KZ    L&/LB    LC/LZ    M&/MB    MC/MI    MJ/MZ    N&/NZ    O&/OZ    P&/PK    PL/PZ    QA/QZ    R&/RB    RC/RG    RH/RK    RL/RQ    RR/RZ    S&/SB    SC/SI    SJ/SR    SS/SZ    T&/TC    TD/TG    TH/TN    TO/TS    TT/TZ    U&/UZ    V&/VZ    W&/WA    WB/WB    WC/WC    WD/WE    WF/WG    WH/WL    WM/WM    WN/WR    WS/WS    WT/XZ    Y&/YZ    Z&/ZZ   

ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF SILVERSMITHS' NAMES
A    B    C    D    E    F    G    H    I    J    K    L    M    N    O    P    Q    R    S    T    U    V    W    X/Y    Z   

[B]=BIRMINGHAM   [C]=CHESTER   [D]=DUBLIN   [E]=EDINBURGH   [EX]=EXETER   [G]=GLASGOW    [L]=LONDON   [N]=NEWSCASTLE   [S]=SHEFFIELD   [Y]=YORK
(lower-case letter denote smaller ones but they may be capital letters)
CLICK ON THE YELLOW NAME FOR MAKER'S MARK IMAGE and ON THE GREEN NAME FOR INFORMATION


WC (William Cripps [ L ]) 18th c./2nd half
WC (William Cattell [ L ]) 18th c./2nd half
WC (William Cox [ L ]) 18th c./2nd half
WC (William Chawner II [ L ]) beginning 19th c
WC into a rectangle (William Cunningham II - possibly- [ E ]) beginning 19th c
WC into a shield (William Cunningham [ E ]) 19th c./1st half
WC into a "domino" (William Cummins [ D ]) 19th c./1st half
WC into an oval (William Constable [ E ]) 19th c./1st half
WC into a circle (William Cooper [ L ]) 19th c./1st half
WC between two asterisks (not identified [CAPE]) 1820 c.
WC into two circles (William Carter (possibly) [ L ]) 19th c./2nd half
WC (William Corbett [ G ]) 19th c./2nd half
W.C (William Cripps [ L ]) 18th c./2nd half
W.C (William Chawner II [ L ]) beginning 19th c
W.C (William Coghill [ G ]) 19th c./2nd half
W.C or W.C. (William Coghill [ G ]) 19th c./2nd half
W.C & S (William Clark & Sons [ B ]) end 19th c.
W.C into a four tipped oval (William Comyns [ B ][ L ]) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
W.C into a circle (William Richard Corke [ L ]) entered 1901
WC & S (William Clark & Sons [ E ]) 19th c./2nd half
W.C.G (W C Griffiths [ B ]) 20th c./1st half
WC over HC in script into as shield (Child & Child -Walter & Harold Child- [ L ]) 19th c./2nd half
WC over PC (William & Patrick Cunningham [ E ]) 18th c./2nd half
WD (William Darker [ D ]) 18th c./1st half
WD (William Derby [ S ]) 18th c./2nd half
WD in script (William Dempster [ E ]) 18th c./2nd half
WD (William Dempster [ E ]) 18th c./2nd half
WD (William Downie [ E ]) beginning 19th c.
WD (William Dudley [ B ]) mid 19th c.
W D into two conjoined circles (William Davies - possibly-[ B ]) beginning 20th c.
W.D into a rectangle (William Downes [ L ]) entered 1768
W.D (William Doyle [ D ]) 19th c./1st half
W.D (William Devenport [ B ]) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
W.D into a cartouche with bevelled corners (William Devenport [ B ]) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
W.D (William Devenport [ B ]) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
W.D (William Deakin - possibly- [ B ]) beginning 20th c.
W.D&Co. (W Drummond & Co [ L ]) 20th c./1st half
WDB (William Disney Barlow [ B ][ L ]) 20th c./1st half
W.D.P (W D Pritchard [ B ]) 20th c./1st half


WE into a rectangle (George Weir [ L ]) entered 1727
WE into a rectangle (William Eley I [ L ] ) entered 1778
WE into a rectangle (William Edwards [ L ] ) entered 1800
WE into a rectangle (William Esterbrook [ L ]) entered 1817
WE into a rectangle (William Eley II [ L ]) entered 1826
WE into two conjoined circles (William Eaton [ L ]) 19th c./1st half
WE (William Elliott [ L ]) 19th c./1st half
WE in script (William Eley II [ L ]) 19th c./1st half
WE into an oval (William Evans [ L ]) 19th c./2nd half
WE into a shield (William Edwards [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
W.E (William Eley I [ L ]) end 18th c.
W.E (William Eaton [ L ]) 19th c./1st half
W.E into a rectangle (William Ellerby [ L ]) entered 1802
W.E into an oval (William Ellerby [ L ]) 19th c./1st half
W.E without contour (William Ehrhardt -possibly- [ L ]) 19th c./2nd half
WE over CE over HE (William, Charles & Henry Eley [ L ]) 19th c./1st half
W.E.H (W E Houlston [ B ]) 20th c./1st half
WEIR (James Weir [ G ]) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
W.E.T (William E Turner [ B ]) beginning 20th c.
WE over WF (William Eley & William Fearn [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
WE over WF over WC (William Eley, William Fearn & William Chawner [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
WEST (Alderman, West [ D ]) 19th c./1st half
WEST & SON (West & Son [D]) 19th c./2nd half
WF (William Fountain [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
WF in script (William Fountain [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
WF (William Frisbee [ L ]) beginning 19th c.
WF &Co into two rectangles (William Fillan & Co [ E ]) 19th c./1st half
WF into shield (William Fairbairns & Sons [ S ]) entered 1885
W.F into an oval (William Fordham [ L ]) 18th c./1st half
W.F into a rectangle (William Fearn [ L ]) entered 1769
W.F over A.F into a camfered square (Fordham & Faulkner -William Charles Fordham & Albert Faulkner- [ L ][ S ]) entered 1896
W.F over I.F (William & John Fisher [ L ]) 18th c./2nd half
W.F over P.S (William Frisbee & Paul Storr [ L ]) end 18th c.
WFW (William Frederick Williams [ L ]) 19th c./2nd half
W.F.W into three circles (William Frederick Wright [ L ])end 19th c./beginning 20th c.





BRITISH TOWN MARKS AND DATE LETTERS

|DUTY MARKS|    |LEOPARD'S HEAD|    |LONDON MARKS|    |WOMEN SILVERSMITHS|    |PSEUDO HALLMARKS|    |IMPORT MARKS|    |CONTEMPORARY MARKS|    |JOURNEYMAN MARKS|    |HERALDRY & FAMILY CRESTS|    |OLD ADVERTISEMENTS|    |FACTORIES & SHOPS: OLD IMAGES|    |ARTICLES ON ENGLISH SILVER|   


The hallmarking of British sterling silver is based on a combination of marks that makes possible the identification of origin and age of each piece.
Follow this link to learn HOW TO READ ENGLISH/BRITISH STERLING SILVER MARKS

This is the combination of marks used to assay silver:

Town mark, corresponding to the hallmark of the Assay Office which verified the piece


London town mark    Sheffield town mark    Birmingham town mark    Newcastle town mark    Dublin town mark    Edinburgh town mark    Glasgow town mark

Lion passant guardant or Britannia or lion's head erased, certifying the silver quality

lion passant: 1598-1820    lion passant: after 1820    Britannia and lion's head erased: from 1697 to 1718


Maker's mark, identifying the silversmith presenting the piece to the assay office (usually the initials of Christian name and surname of the silversmith)

examples of maker's mark


Date letter, in cycles of twenty letters of the alphabet of different shape identifies the year in which the piece was verified by the Assay Office

London date letter 'a' London date letter 'a'


A further mark was used in the period 1784 - 1890:
Sovereign head ('duty mark'), certifying the payment of the duty


Sovereign head: duty mark George III, 1784 Sovereign head: duty mark George III, 1795 Sovereign head: duty mark George IV, 1822 Sovereign head: duty mark George IV, 1825 Sovereign head: duty mark William IV, 1835 Sovereign head: duty mark Victoria, 1838


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