ENGLISH SILVER HALLMARKS DIRECTORY
SILVER MAKERS MARKS IDENTIFICATION
WITH THE ADDITION OF SCOTTISH, IRISH, CHANNEL ISLANDS AND COLONIES SILVERMITHS



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BRITISH SILVERSMITHS - ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF SILVER MAKERS MARKS
THE DIRECTORY OF MAKER'S MARKS
WM - WS
AA/AE    AF/AZ    BA/BZ    CA/CH    CI/CZ    DA/DZ    EA/EZ    FA/FZ    GA/GZ    HA/HG    HH/HZ    IA/IG    IH/IZ    JA/JC    JD/JI    JJ/JP    JQ/JS    JT/JZ    KA/LZ    MA/MZ    NA/PA    PB/PZ    QA/RJ    RK/RZ    SA/SG    SH/SZ    TA/TH    TI/TZ    UA/WB    WC/WF    WG/WL    WM/WS    WT/ZZ   

MARKS' IMAGES
A&/AC    AD/AK    AL/AZ    B&/BB    BC/BO    BP/BZ    C&/CA    CB/CC    CD/CF    CG/CL    CM/CS    CT/CZ    D&/DB    DC/DL    DM/DZ    E&/EA    EB/ED    EE/EH    EI/EO    EP/EZ    F&/FD    FE/FJ    FK/FZ    G&/GB    GC/GG    GH/GL    GM/GR    GS/GZ    H&/H&    HA/HB    HC/HE    HF/HL    HM/HU    HV/HZ    I&/IG    IH/IL    IM/IZ    J&/JA    JB/JC    JD/JG    JH/JK    JL/JQ    JR/JR    JS/JS    JT/JZ    K&/KZ    L&/LB    LC/LZ    M&/MB    MC/MI    MJ/MZ    N&/NZ    O&/OZ    P&/PK    PL/PZ    QA/QZ    R&/RB    RC/RG    RH/RK    RL/RQ    RR/RZ    S&/SB    SC/SI    SJ/SR    SS/SZ    T&/TC    TD/TG    TH/TN    TO/TS    TT/TZ    U&/UZ    V&/VZ    W&/WA    WB/WB    WC/WC    WD/WE    WF/WG    WH/WL    WM/WM    WN/WR    WS/WS    WT/XZ    Y&/YZ    Z&/ZZ   

ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF SILVERSMITHS' NAMES
A    B    C    D    E    F    G    H    I    J    K    L    M    N    O    P    Q    R    S    T    U    V    W    X/Y    Z   

[B]=BIRMINGHAM   [C]=CHESTER   [D]=DUBLIN   [E]=EDINBURGH   [EX]=EXETER   [G]=GLASGOW    [L]=LONDON   [N]=NEWSCASTLE   [S]=SHEFFIELD   [Y]=YORK
(lower-case letter denote smaller ones but they may be capital letters)
CLICK ON THE YELLOW NAME FOR MAKER'S MARK IMAGE and ON THE GREEN NAME FOR INFORMATION


WM under a crown into a trefoil (William Mortimer or William Marshall & Son [ E ]) 19th c.
WM under a crown (William Matthews [ L ]) 18th c./1st half
WM into a rectangle under a crown (William Marshall [ E ]) 19th c.
WM and English pseudo-hallmarks (William Moore [CAPE]) 1840 c.
WM (William Moulson [ L ]) mid 19th c.
WM into a lozenge (William Moering [ L ]) entered 1892
WM into an oval (William Manton [ C ]) 20th c./1st half
WM into a ondulating sides rectangular outline (William Manton known as Birmingham Gold & Silversmiths Ltd [ B ]) 20th c./2nd half
WM without contour (William H. Manton [ B ]) 20th c./2nd half
W.M (William Mann [ L ]) 19th c./2nd half
W.M (William Martin [ D ]) 19th c./1st half
W.M into a lozenge (William Moering [ L ]) 19th c./2nd half
W.M & S into an oval (William Mammatt & Son [ S ]) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
W.M & S into a shield (William Mammatt & Son [ S ]) 20th c./1st half
W.M without outline (William Manton known as Birmingham Gold & Silversmiths Ltd [ B ]) 20th c./2nd half
W.M into a ondulating sides rectangular outline (William Manton known as Birmingham Gold & Silversmiths Ltd [ B ]) 20th c./2nd half
WM over AM (not identified [G ]) 1827
W M Co into three circles (Wilmott Manufacturing Co [ B ]) 20th c./1st half
W.M.Co into three circles (Wilmott Manufacturing Co [ B ]) 20th c./1st half
W.M.D (William M Duncan [ G ]) 20th c.
WN (William Napier [ G ]) 18th c./2nd half
WN (William Nolan [ D ]) 19th c./1st half
WN (William Nowill in partnership with John Nowill [ S ]) 19th c./1st half)
WN into an oval (William Neal [ L ]) 19th c./2nd half
WN into a shield (William Neale [ S ]) end 19th c.
W.N into an oval (William Nixon [ L ]) 19th c./1st half
W.N (William Neale or William Neale & Sons [ B ][ C ]) 19th c./2nd half - beginning 20th c.)
W.N (William Needham [ S ]) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.) W N & S into four lozenges (William Norris & Sons [ B ]) end 19th c.
W.N over & over S Co into a shield (William Neale & Sons Ltd [ B ]) mid 20th c.
W.N over GN into a quatrefoil (William & George Neal [ L ]) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
W.N over LTD into a shield (William Neale & Sons Ltd [ B ]) 20th c./1st half
WO (William Osborne [ D ]) 19th c./1st half
WP into a heart (William Peaston [ L ]) entered 1746
WP in script (William Partis [ N ]) 18th c./1st half
WP into an oval (William Pitts [ L ]) entered 1781
WP into an oval (William Scott Peat or William Pirrie [ E ]) 19th c./1st half
WP into an oval (William Price [ L ]) 19th c./1st half
WP (William Pugh [ B ]) 19th c./1st half)
W.P into a chamfered indented rectangle (William Plummer [ L ]) entered 1755
W.P (William Pinder or William Peavey [ L ]) 18th c./2nd half
W.P (William Pope [ EX ]) 19th c./1st half
W.P over JP and a flower (W & J Priest [ L ]) 18th c./2nd half
WP under R over P into a quatrefoil (William & Robert Peaston [ L ]) 18th c./2nd half
WPC (William & Patrick Cunningham [ E ]) end 18th c./beginning 19th c.
WP over JP into a chamfered square (William Priest & James Priest [ L ]) end 18th c./2nd half
WP over WW (William Playfair & William Wilson [ L ]) 18th c./2nd half


WR (William Robertson (or Roberts?) [ E ]) end 18th c./beginning 19th c.
WR in script (William Robertson [ L ]) 18th c./2nd half
W.R into two circles (William Reynolds [ L ]) 18th c./2nd half
W.R into two circles (William Reid [ L ]) 19th c./1st half
W.R (William Ryland - possibly- [ B ]) mid 19th c.
W.R into a rectangle (William Robertson - possibly- [ L ]) entered 1912
WR & Co (Wingfield Rowbotham & Co [ S ]) 20th c./1st half
W.R BLTR into two rectangles (William Robb (of Ballater [ E ]) 20th c./1st half
Wr & Hl into a flag (Walker & Hall [ B ][ L ][ S ]) end 19th c./ 20th c./1st half
Wr & Hl (Walker & Hall [ B ]) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
WRS into three circles (William Rawlings Sobey [ EX ]) 19th c./1st half
WRS into two rounded outlines (William Rawlings Sobey [ EX ]) 19th c./1st half
WRS into an oblong rectangle (William Robert Smily [ L ]) entered 1842
WRS into three circles (William Robert Smily [ L ]) entered 1852
WRS into a trefoil (William Robert Smily [ L ]) entered 1852
W.R.S into trilobate outline (William Rawlings Sobey [ EX ]) 19th c./1st half
WS into an oval (William Sumner [ L ]) end 18th c./beginning 19th c.
WS in script into an octagon (William Soame [ L ]) 18th c./1st half
W over S into a shield (William Scarlett [ L ]) 18th c./1st half
WS (William Simmons [ L ]) 18th c./2nd half
WS gothic into an oblong chamfered rectangle (William Sumner I [ L ]) entered 1782
WS (William Sweet [ EX ]) 19th c./1st half
WS (William Stroud [ L ]) 19th c./1st half
WS into an oval (William Schofield [ L ]) 19th c./1st half
WS (William Sherwin [ D ]) 19th c./1st half
WS (A B Savory & Sons -William Smily- [ L ]) 19th c./2nd half
WS into an oval (William Summers [ L ]) 19th c./2nd half
WS into two conjoined circles (William Stocker [ L ]) 19th c./2nd half
WS into a lozenge (W Spurrier & Co [ B ]) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
WS interwined into a circle (William Sturrock [ G ]) 19th c./2nd half
W.S (William Skeen [ L ]) 18th c./2nd half
W.S (William Stephens [ L ]) end 18th c.
W.S (William Sudell [ L ]) entered 1767
W.S into an oval (William Shaw II [ L ]) 18th c./2nd half
W.S into a rectangle (William Sumner I [ L ]) entered 1784
W.S into an oval (William Seaman [ L ]) entered 1804
W.S (William Simpson [ B ]) 19th c./1st half
W.S into a cut corners rectangle (William Sweeting [ L ]) entered 1840
W.S. (William Semple [ G ]) 19th c./2nd half
WS over CS into a quatrefoil (W & G Sissons -Walter & Charles Sissons- [ L ][ S ] ) 19th c./2nd half
WS over GS into a quatrefoil (Walter & George Sissons [ L ][ S] ) 19th c./2nd half
WS over HS (William & Henry Stratford [ S] ) 19th c./2nd half
WS over IM (William Stalker & John Mitchison [ L ]) 18th c./2nd half
WS over RC (William Sumner & Richard Crossley [ L ]) 18th c./2nd half
W S under & into a trefoil (West & Son [ D ][ L ])beginning 20th c.
WSS into a tipped cartouche (W S Savage & Co [ S ]) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
WSS & Co into a tipped cartouche (W S Savage & Co [ S ]) 20th c./1st half
W 'star' 'star' & Co (White & Co [ B ][ C ] ]) 19th c./2nd half
w over ss H ld over & (William Hutton & Sons Ltd [ B ][ C ][ L ][ S ] ) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.





BRITISH TOWN MARKS AND DATE LETTERS

|DUTY MARKS|    |LEOPARD'S HEAD|    |LONDON MARKS|    |WOMEN SILVERSMITHS|    |PSEUDO HALLMARKS|    |IMPORT MARKS|    |CONTEMPORARY MARKS|    |JOURNEYMAN MARKS|    |HERALDRY & FAMILY CRESTS|    |OLD ADVERTISEMENTS|    |FACTORIES & SHOPS: OLD IMAGES|    |ARTICLES ON ENGLISH SILVER|   


The hallmarking of British sterling silver is based on a combination of marks that makes possible the identification of origin and age of each piece.
Follow this link to learn HOW TO READ ENGLISH/BRITISH STERLING SILVER MARKS

This is the combination of marks used to assay silver:

Town mark, corresponding to the hallmark of the Assay Office which verified the piece


London town mark    Sheffield town mark    Birmingham town mark    Newcastle town mark    Dublin town mark    Edinburgh town mark    Glasgow town mark

Lion passant guardant or Britannia or lion's head erased, certifying the silver quality

lion passant: 1598-1820    lion passant: after 1820    Britannia and lion's head erased: from 1697 to 1718


Maker's mark, identifying the silversmith presenting the piece to the assay office (usually the initials of Christian name and surname of the silversmith)

examples of maker's mark


Date letter, in cycles of twenty letters of the alphabet of different shape identifies the year in which the piece was verified by the Assay Office

London date letter 'a' London date letter 'a'


A further mark was used in the period 1784 - 1890:
Sovereign head ('duty mark'), certifying the payment of the duty


Sovereign head: duty mark George III, 1784 Sovereign head: duty mark George III, 1795 Sovereign head: duty mark George IV, 1822 Sovereign head: duty mark George IV, 1825 Sovereign head: duty mark William IV, 1835 Sovereign head: duty mark Victoria, 1838


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