ENGLISH SILVER HALLMARKS DIRECTORY
SILVER MAKERS MARKS IDENTIFICATION
WITH THE ADDITION OF SCOTTISH, IRISH, CHANNEL ISLANDS AND COLONIES SILVERMITHS



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BRITISH SILVERSMITHS - ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF SILVER MAKERS MARKS
THE DIRECTORY OF MAKER'S MARKS
MA - MZ
AA/AE    AF/AZ    BA/BZ    CA/CH    CI/CZ    DA/DZ    EA/EZ    FA/FZ    GA/GZ    HA/HG    HH/HZ    IA/IG    IH/IZ    JA/JC    JD/JI    JJ/JP    JQ/JS    JT/JZ    KA/LZ    MA/MZ    NA/PA    PB/PZ    QA/RJ    RK/RZ    SA/SG    SH/SZ    TA/TH    TI/TZ    UA/WB    WC/WF    WG/WL    WM/WS    WT/ZZ   

MARKS' IMAGES
A&/AC    AD/AK    AL/AZ    B&/BB    BC/BO    BP/BZ    C&/CA    CB/CC    CD/CF    CG/CL    CM/CS    CT/CZ    D&/DB    DC/DL    DM/DZ    E&/EA    EB/ED    EE/EH    EI/EO    EP/EZ    F&/FD    FE/FJ    FK/FZ    G&/GB    GC/GG    GH/GL    GM/GR    GS/GZ    H&/H&    HA/HB    HC/HE    HF/HL    HM/HU    HV/HZ    I&/IG    IH/IL    IM/IZ    J&/JA    JB/JC    JD/JG    JH/JK    JL/JQ    JR/JR    JS/JS    JT/JZ    K&/KZ    L&/LB    LC/LZ    M&/MB    MC/MI    MJ/MZ    N&/NZ    O&/OZ    P&/PK    PL/PZ    QA/QZ    R&/RB    RC/RG    RH/RK    RL/RQ    RR/RZ    S&/SB    SC/SI    SJ/SR    SS/SZ    T&/TC    TD/TG    TH/TN    TO/TS    TT/TZ    U&/UZ    V&/VZ    W&/WA    WB/WB    WC/WC    WD/WE    WF/WG    WH/WL    WM/WM    WN/WR    WS/WS    WT/XZ    Y&/YZ    Z&/ZZ   

ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF SILVERSMITHS' NAMES
A    B    C    D    E    F    G    H    I    J    K    L    M    N    O    P    Q    R    S    T    U    V    W    X/Y    Z   

[B]=BIRMINGHAM   [C]=CHESTER   [D]=DUBLIN   [E]=EDINBURGH   [EX]=EXETER   [G]=GLASGOW    [L]=LONDON   [N]=NEWSCASTLE   [S]=SHEFFIELD   [Y]=YORK
(lower-case letter denote smaller ones but they may be capital letters)
CLICK ON THE YELLOW NAME FOR MAKER'S MARK IMAGE and ON THE GREEN NAME FOR INFORMATION


M&A (Muirhead & Arthur [ G ] ) 19th c./2nd half
M&B into a shield (Marston & Bayliss [ B ] ) beginning 20th c.
M&B into a pentagon (Morgan & Boon [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
M&B into an oval (Marples & Beasley [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
M&C into various outlines (Mackay & Chisholm [ E ] ) 19th c.-20th c./1st half
M&C (Medlock & Craik [ E ] ) mid 20th c.
M&C (Mitchell & Cooper [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
M&C (Milne & Campbell [ G ] ) mid 18th c./beginning 19th c.
M&CL (M & C Lister Ltd [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
M&Co into a scalloped rectangle (Marples & Co Ltd [ B ][ C ][ L ][ S ] ) 20th c./1st half
M&Co (Maple & Co Ltd [ S ] ) 20th c./1st half
M&Co into three conjoined circles (Munsey & Co -possibly- [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
M&Co Ld into three conjoined circles (Munsey & Co Ltd [ B ][ C ] ) 20th c./1st half
M&F (McHattie & Fenwick [ E ] ) beginning 19th c.
M&J into two circles (Marson & Jones [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
M & L into three squares (Minshull & Latimer [ B ] ) end 19th c/ beginning 20th c.
M&R into an oblong chamfered rectangle (Mitchell & Russell [ E ][ G ] ) 19th c./1st half
M&S (Marshall & Sons [ E ] ) 19th c./1st half
M&S (Mitchell & Son [ G ] ) 19th c./1st half
M&S (Marshall & Sons [ E ] ) 19th c./1st half
M&S over Ltd into a shield (Maxfield & Sons Ltd [ S ] ) 20th c./1st half
M&T (Miller & Thompson [ G ] ) end 19th c.
M&W into an oval (Mappin & Webb Ltd [ B ][ S ] ) end 19th c./20th c.
M&W into a shield (Mappin & Webb [ B ][ S][ L ]) end 19th c.- 20th c.
MA (Mary Ashworth [ N ] ) end 18th c.
MAB (Michael Allen Bolton [ L ]) 20th c./2nd half
MARSHALL & SONS (Marshall & Sons [ E ]) entered 1879
MAYER (Joseph Mayer [ EX ]) 19th c./2nd half
M.B (Moses Brent [ L ]) end 18th c/
MB (Matthew Boulton [ B ]) end 18th c/ beginning 19th c.
MB (Mappin Brothers [ S] ) end 19th c.
M.B (Margaret Binley [ L ] ) 18th c/2nd half
M B &Co (Murrle Bennet & Co [ L ] ) beginning 20th c.
M.B I.F into separate squares (Matthew Boulton and John Fothergill [ B ] ) end 18th c.
MB over IF (Matthew Boulton and John Fothergill [ B ] )
M BROS (Mitchell Bros [ B ] ) end 19th c/ beginning 20th c.
M.BROs. or M.BROS (Miller Bros [ B ] ) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
M over BROS into a lozenge (Mappin Brothers [ B ][ C ] ) beginning 20th c.


MC into an oval (Matthew Crawford [ E ] ) beginning 19th c.
MC (Mary Chawner [ L ]) 19th c./1st half
MC into two conjoined circles (not identified [ S ]) 1944
MC into an oval (Matthew Craw [ E ] ) end 18th c./beginning 19th c.
M.C into a rectangle (Mabel Cambage [ E ]) entered 1944
MC&Co (Mackay, Chisholm & Company [ E ]) 19th c./1st half
M over CH into a trefoil (M C Hersey & Son [ L ] ) 20th c./2nd half
MC over GA into a quatrefoil (Mary Chawner & George W Adams [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
md (not identified [L]) 1986
Md & over Sns into a shield (Maxfield & Sons [ S ] ) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
ME over ME (Morris & Michael Emanuel [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
M.F (Maurice Freeman [ L ] ) end 19th c.
MF into a chamfered rectangle (Maurice Freeman [L]) entered 1902
MF into two conjoined circles (Maurice Freeman [C]) entered 1899
MF (Friedlander & Co -Montague Friedlander- [C]) beginning 20th c.
MF into an exagon (Maurice Flixher [B][C]) beginning 20th c.
MF over & Co (M Fenton & Co [ S] )
MF over RC (Fenton Creswick & Co [ S] )
MG into an oval (Martin Goldstein [ L ] ) 19th c/2nd half
MG into a circle (Malcolm Gray - Ortak Co - [E]) entered c. 1976
M.G into an oblong rectangle (Michael Goldstone - possibly- [E]) 20th c./2nd half
MH (Michael Homer [D] ) 18th c./2nd half
MH into two ovals (Metcalf Hopgood [ L ] ) mid 19th c
MH over & Co into a shield (Martin Hall & Co Ltd [B][S] ) 20th c./1st half
MH over & Co Ld into a quatrefoil (Martin Hall & Co Ltd [B][S] ) 20th c./1st half
M.J.J (Matthew John Jessop [B]) 20th c./1st half
MK (Michael Keating [D] ) 18th c./2nd half
ML into various shapes (Matthew Linwood [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
MLS between two fleur de lys (Martinus Louren Smith [CAPE] ) 1800 c.
M M and English pseudo-hallmarks (Lodewyk Beck [CAPE] ) 1855 c.
M M & Co into four circles (Mayes, Mills & Co [B]) 20th c./1st half
Mn Wb over & (Mappin & Webb Limited [B][C][D][L] ) 20th c.
M.P (Michael Plummer [ L ] ) end 18th c.
MP (Michael Plummer [L] ) end 18th c.
M R into two circles (Manoah Rhodes & Sons Ltd [L][S]) 20th c./1st half
M R over CR into a quatrefoil (Mary Ann & Charles Reily [L]) entered 1826
M R over S into a heart (Mary Sibley & Richard Sibley II [L]) 19th c./1st half
M S into an oval (Mary Sumner [L]) 19th c./1st half
M S into an oval (Moses Salkind [L]) beginning 20th c.
M.S (Michael Starkey [L]) 19th c./1st half
M.S (Moses or Morris Salkind [L]) 20th c./1st half
M.S into two conjoined circles (Millicent -Duchess of- Sutherland [B]) 20th c./1st half
MS over ES into circle (Mary & Elizabeth Sumner [L]) 19th c./1st half
MT into a rectangle (Mary Troby [L]) entered 1804
M.T into an oval (Marcus Themans [C]) end 19th c.
MW into a rectangle (Matthew West [D] ) 18th c./2nd half
M W & Co gothic into four squares (Mappin, Webb & Co [ S] ) entered 1864
M W over & Co gothic into a shield (Mappin, Webb & Co [ S] ) entered 1865
M.W & S into an oblong rectangle (Mark Willis & Son Ltd [S]) entered 1904
MW & Ss (M West & Sons [D] ) 18th c./2nd half
MWD in script into a bottle (Wyard Druitt & Co Ltd -Michael W Druitt- [B][L]) 20th c./2nd half





BRITISH TOWN MARKS AND DATE LETTERS

|DUTY MARKS|    |LEOPARD'S HEAD|    |LONDON MARKS|    |WOMEN SILVERSMITHS|    |PSEUDO HALLMARKS|    |IMPORT MARKS|    |CONTEMPORARY MARKS|    |JOURNEYMAN MARKS|    |HERALDRY & FAMILY CRESTS|    |OLD ADVERTISEMENTS|    |FACTORIES & SHOPS: OLD IMAGES|    |ARTICLES ON ENGLISH SILVER|   


The hallmarking of British sterling silver is based on a combination of marks that makes possible the identification of origin and age of each piece.
Follow this link to learn HOW TO READ ENGLISH/BRITISH STERLING SILVER MARKS

This is the combination of marks used to assay silver:

Town mark, corresponding to the hallmark of the Assay Office which verified the piece


London town mark    Sheffield town mark    Birmingham town mark    Newcastle town mark    Dublin town mark    Edinburgh town mark    Glasgow town mark

Lion passant guardant or Britannia or lion's head erased, certifying the silver quality

lion passant: 1598-1820    lion passant: after 1820    Britannia and lion's head erased: from 1697 to 1718


Maker's mark, identifying the silversmith presenting the piece to the assay office (usually the initials of Christian name and surname of the silversmith)

examples of maker's mark


Date letter, in cycles of twenty letters of the alphabet of different shape identifies the year in which the piece was verified by the Assay Office

London date letter 'a' London date letter 'a'


A further mark was used in the period 1784 - 1890:
Sovereign head ('duty mark'), certifying the payment of the duty


Sovereign head: duty mark George III, 1784 Sovereign head: duty mark George III, 1795 Sovereign head: duty mark George IV, 1822 Sovereign head: duty mark George IV, 1825 Sovereign head: duty mark William IV, 1835 Sovereign head: duty mark Victoria, 1838


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