ENGLISH SILVER HALLMARKS DIRECTORY
SILVER MAKERS MARKS IDENTIFICATION
WITH THE ADDITION OF SCOTTISH, IRISH, CHANNEL ISLANDS AND COLONIES SILVERMITHS



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BRITISH SILVERSMITHS - ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF SILVER MAKERS MARKS
THE DIRECTORY OF MAKER'S MARKS
TA - TH
AA/AE    AF/AZ    BA/BZ    CA/CH    CI/CZ    DA/DZ    EA/EZ    FA/FZ    GA/GZ    HA/HG    HH/HZ    IA/IG    IH/IZ    JA/JC    JD/JI    JJ/JP    JQ/JS    JT/JZ    KA/LZ    MA/MZ    NA/PA    PB/PZ    QA/RJ    RK/RZ    SA/SG    SH/SZ    TA/TH    TI/TZ    UA/WB    WC/WF    WG/WL    WM/WS    WT/ZZ   

MARKS' IMAGES
A&/AC    AD/AK    AL/AZ    B&/BB    BC/BO    BP/BZ    C&/CA    CB/CC    CD/CF    CG/CL    CM/CS    CT/CZ    D&/DB    DC/DL    DM/DZ    E&/EA    EB/ED    EE/EH    EI/EO    EP/EZ    F&/FD    FE/FJ    FK/FZ    G&/GB    GC/GG    GH/GL    GM/GR    GS/GZ    H&/H&    HA/HB    HC/HE    HF/HL    HM/HU    HV/HZ    I&/IG    IH/IL    IM/IZ    J&/JA    JB/JC    JD/JG    JH/JK    JL/JQ    JR/JR    JS/JS    JT/JZ    K&/KZ    L&/LB    LC/LZ    M&/MB    MC/MI    MJ/MZ    N&/NZ    O&/OZ    P&/PK    PL/PZ    QA/QZ    R&/RB    RC/RG    RH/RK    RL/RQ    RR/RZ    S&/SB    SC/SI    SJ/SR    SS/SZ    T&/TC    TD/TG    TH/TN    TO/TS    TT/TZ    U&/UZ    V&/VZ    W&/WA    WB/WB    WC/WC    WD/WE    WF/WG    WH/WL    WM/WM    WN/WR    WS/WS    WT/XZ    Y&/YZ    Z&/ZZ   

ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF SILVERSMITHS' NAMES
A    B    C    D    E    F    G    H    I    J    K    L    M    N    O    P    Q    R    S    T    U    V    W    X/Y    Z   

[B]=BIRMINGHAM   [C]=CHESTER   [D]=DUBLIN   [E]=EDINBURGH   [EX]=EXETER   [G]=GLASGOW    [L]=LONDON   [N]=NEWSCASTLE   [S]=SHEFFIELD   [Y]=YORK
(lower-case letter denote smaller ones but they may be capital letters)
CLICK ON THE YELLOW NAME FOR MAKER'S MARK IMAGE and ON THE GREEN NAME FOR INFORMATION


T & Co (Tennent & Co [ G ] ) end 19th c.
T& Co. (Tiffany & Co [ B ][L ][ S ] ) 20th c./2nd half
T& C over Sn into a quatrefoil (Thomas Callow & Son [ L ] ) 20th c./ beginning 20th c.
T&I. S. (Thomas & John Settle [ S ] ) 19th c./1st half
T& JB (T & J Bragg Ltd [ B ] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
T&J S in script (Thomas & James Creswick [ S ] ) 19th c./1st half
T&M (Thomas & Marshall -Horace Thomas & Walter Marshall [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
T&P into an oval (Joseph Taylor & John Perry [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
T & S into three squares (E J Trevitt & Sons [ B ][ C ] ) 20th c./1st half
T& S into three lozenges (Turner & Somers [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
T & S into three conjoined circles (Turner & Simpson [ B ][ L ]) 20th c.
T&T (Thropp & Taylor [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
T&W (Tudor & Whitford [ D ] ) 19th c./1st half
T.A& M.A.R (T A & M A Randle [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
T.A.R. over F.J.R. over C.L.R. into a shield (Reid & Sons -Thomas Arthur Reid, Francis James Langford & Christian Leopold Reid- [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
TB (Thomas Blake [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
TB into an oval (Thomas Bamford I [ L ] ) entered 1739
TB into a rectangle (Thomas Bartleet [ B ] ) entered 1812
TB into a rectangle (Thomas Wilkes Barker [ L ] ) entered 1805
TB into two circles (Thomas Baker [ L ] ) entered 1821
T.B into a rectangle (Thomas Balliston [ L ] ) entered 1812
T.B into a rectangle (Thomas Wilkes Barker [ L ] ) entered 1819
T.B (Thomas Byne (possibly) [ EX ] ) 19th c./1st half
T.B into an oval (T Beardsmore [ B ] ) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
T.B (Thomas Bishton [ B ]) 20th c./1st half)
T.B or TB into a shield (Thomas Bradbury & Sons [ L ] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
T.B over &S into a shield (Thomas Bradbury & Sons Ltd [ S ] ) 19th c./2nd half/beginning 20th c.
TB over &S into a shield (Thomas Bradbury & Sons [ S ] ) 19th c./2nd half/beginning 20th c.
T.B&S into an oval (Thomas Bellamy & Sons [ S ] ) entered 1898
TB over JH into a shield (Thomas Bradbury & Sons -Thomas Bradbury III & John S Henderson- [ L ]) 19th c./2nd half
T Bs (Turner Bros [ B ] ) end 19th c.
T.Bs&.P (Thomas Bros & Packer [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
TBW (T B Wilkins Ltd [ B ] ) 19th c./2nd half
TB over WB over HH into a sexfoil contour (not identified [ L ]) 1901
TC (Thomas Chawner [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
TC into a rectangle (Theodor Cohn for Asher & Co [ L ]) entered January 1900
T cj(left) hw(right) into a shield (Thomas of New Bond Street [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
T.C.S (T. Cox Savory [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
TCJ (Thomas Charles Jarvis [ L ]) 20th c./2nd half
T.C over J.W.C. into a shield (Cooper Brothers [ S ]) 19th c./2nd half-20th c.
T.C over W.C into a square (Thomas & William Chawner [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
TD into a rectangle (Thomas Daniell [ L ]) entered 1775
TD into an oval (Thomas Daniell [ L ]) entered 1782
TD in script into a circle (Thompson Davis [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
TD in script into a rectangle (Thomas Dealtry [ L ] ) entered 1765
TD (Thomas Dicks -possibly- [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
TD (Thomas Dones [ B ] ) mid 19th c.
TD into two squares (Thomas Ducrow [ B ][ C ] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
TD in script into a rectangle (Thomas Ducrow [ B ][ C ]) entered 1904
T.D (Thomas Dicks [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
T.D into an indented rectangle (Thomas Diller [ L ] ) mid 19th c.
T.D & S into a rectangle with two appendages on the sides (Thomas Ducrow & Sons [ B ] ) 20th c.
T.D over J.W (Thomas Daniel & John Wall [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half


TE (T K Ebbutt [ E ] ) end 20th c.
TE in script (Thomas Eustace [ EX ] ) 18th c./2nd half
TE (Thomas Eustace [ EX ] ) 18th c./2nd half
TE (Thomas Evans [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
TE into a rectangle (Thomas Ellis [ L ] ) entered 1780
T.E (Thomas Edwards [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
T E over A into a trefoil (Thomas Edward Aitkin [ B ][ C ] ) 20th c./1st half
TE over B into a shield (T E Beardsmore [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
TE over GS into a quaterfoil (Thomas Eustace & George Smith III [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
TE over IL (Thomas Evans & Jacob Levi [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
T.E.M into a oblong rectangle (Thomas Edward Mannox [ B ][ C ] ) end 19th c.
T.E over R.S into a square (Thomas Ellerton & Richard Sibley I [ L ] ) entered 1803
TEN (Thomas Edward Nalty [ L ] ) 19th c./2st half
TF (Thomas Freeth [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
TF (Thomas Farnett [ D ]) 19th c./1st half
TF (Thomas Freeman [ B ] ) 19th c./1st half
TF into a cut corners square (Theo Fennell [ L ]) 20th c./2nd half
TF into a hexagon (Theo Fennell [ L ][ S ]) 20th c./2nd half
T.F (Thomas Fattorini [ B ] ) end 19th c.-20th c./1st half
T.F. into an oblong rectangle (Thomas Fattorini Ltd [ B ] ) 20th c.
T.F. into a rectangle (not identified [ S ] ) 1972
TF & Co (not identified [ L ] ) 1928
TG (Thomas Graham [ L ] ) end 18th c.
TG into a chamfered rectangle (Thomas Gibbard [ L ] ) entered 1792
TG into two octagon (Thomas Green [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
TG & Co into a shield (Thomas Goode & Company [ S ] ) 20th c./ 1st half
TG over IG over IC (T & J Guest & Joseph Craddock [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
TG over IW (Thomas Graham & Jacob Willis [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
TH in script (also under a crown) (Thomas Heming [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
TH into a rectangle (Thomas Hall -entered 1770- [ L ] ) end 18th c./ beginning 19th c.
TH into a rectangle (Thomas Hallows -entered 1771- [ L ] ) end 18th c./ beginning 19th c.
TH into a rectangle (Thomas Hyde -entered 1784- [ L ] ) end 18th c./ beginning 19th c.
TH into a rectangle (Thomas Hodge -entered 1787- [ L ] ) end 18th c./ beginning 19th c.
TH into a rectangle (Thomas Harper I -entered 1790- [ L ] ) end 18th c./ beginning 19th c.
TH into a rectangle (Thomas Hobbs -entered 1796- [ L ] ) end 18th c./ beginning 19th c.
TH into a rectangle (Thomas Holland II -entered 1798- [ L ] ) end 18th c./ beginning 19th c.
T.H (Thomas Halford [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
T.H into an oval (T Heatley [ B ] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
T.H (also into a heart) (Thomas Hayes [ B ] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
T.H into a rectangle (Thomas Hayes [ B ] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
T.H into an oval (Thomas Heasley [ B ] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
T.H into a lozenge (Theodor Hartmann [L][S] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
TH over & S into a shield (T Harwood & Son [ B ] ) 19th c./2nd half
T.H.F over & over F.F (Thomas Henry Francis & Frederick Francis [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
TH over & over GH (Thomas & George Hayter [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
T.H.H (T.H. Hazlewood & Co [ B ]) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
THH & Co (T H Hazlewood & Co [ B ] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
THH over & Co into a shield (T H Hazlewood & Co [ B ] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
T.H.H (T H Hazlewood & Co [ B ] ) beginning 20th c.
TH over GH into a quatrefoil (Thomas & George Hayter [ L ] ) entered 1816
T.H.V (Thomas Henry Vale - Thomas H Vale Ltd [ B ] ) end 19th c./ beginning 20th c.
T.H over I.C (Thomas Hannam & John Crouch [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
T.H over R.M into a quatrefoil (Thomas Hannam & Richard Mills [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half





BRITISH TOWN MARKS AND DATE LETTERS

|DUTY MARKS|    |LEOPARD'S HEAD|    |LONDON MARKS|    |WOMEN SILVERSMITHS|    |PSEUDO HALLMARKS|    |IMPORT MARKS|    |CONTEMPORARY MARKS|    |JOURNEYMAN MARKS|    |HERALDRY & FAMILY CRESTS|    |OLD ADVERTISEMENTS|    |FACTORIES & SHOPS: OLD IMAGES|    |ARTICLES ON ENGLISH SILVER|   


The hallmarking of British sterling silver is based on a combination of marks that makes possible the identification of origin and age of each piece.
Follow this link to learn HOW TO READ ENGLISH/BRITISH STERLING SILVER MARKS

This is the combination of marks used to assay silver:

Town mark, corresponding to the hallmark of the Assay Office which verified the piece


London town mark    Sheffield town mark    Birmingham town mark    Newcastle town mark    Dublin town mark    Edinburgh town mark    Glasgow town mark

Lion passant guardant or Britannia or lion's head erased, certifying the silver quality

lion passant: 1598-1820    lion passant: after 1820    Britannia and lion's head erased: from 1697 to 1718


Maker's mark, identifying the silversmith presenting the piece to the assay office (usually the initials of Christian name and surname of the silversmith)

examples of maker's mark


Date letter, in cycles of twenty letters of the alphabet of different shape identifies the year in which the piece was verified by the Assay Office

London date letter 'a' London date letter 'a'


A further mark was used in the period 1784 - 1890:
Sovereign head ('duty mark'), certifying the payment of the duty


Sovereign head: duty mark George III, 1784 Sovereign head: duty mark George III, 1795 Sovereign head: duty mark George IV, 1822 Sovereign head: duty mark George IV, 1825 Sovereign head: duty mark William IV, 1835 Sovereign head: duty mark Victoria, 1838


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