poinçons de l'argent: les poinçons de l'orfèvrerie e des orfèvres

SILVER MANUFACTURERS: MARKS, HISTORY AND INFORMATION

Fabergé Gorham International Silver Co Georg Jensen Kirk Stieff Meriden Britannia Anton Michelsen Reed & Barton Rogers Tiffany & Co Towle Wallace Wiener Werkstatte WMF

REPERTOIRE DES POINCONS DES ORFEVRES ITALIENS DU XX SIECLE (TRIES PAR PROVINCE)

AR BL BO BS FE FI FO GE MI MO NA PA PD PR PV RE RO ROMA TO TS TV UD VA VC VE VI VR

REPERTOIRE DES ORFEVRES D'AUTRICHE (VIENNE): SIECLES XVIII - XIX - XX

LISTE ALPHABETIQUE A BA
BH BI
BZ C D E F G HA
HH HI
HZ I J KA
KN KO
KZ L M N O P Q R SA
SD SE
SZ T U V W X Y Z

ORFEVRES ANGLAIS: POINCONS, HISTOIRE ET INFORMATIONS

Adie & Lovekin Angell Family Asprey & Co Atkin Brothers Barker Brothers E.Barnard & Sons Bateman Family M. Baum G. Benney B.Blackburn Boardman,Glossop & Co M.Boulton C.Boyton & Son T.Bradbury & Sons A.Browett Chawner & Co A.Clark Manufacturing Co G.R.Collis & Co Courtauld Family Daniel & Arter J.Deakin & Sons S.Devlin Deykin & Sons J.Dixon & Sons Dobson & Sons Eley family Elkington & Co Emes family Fattorini & Sons Fox family Garrard & Co S.Godbehere Goldsmiths & Silversmiths Co H.Griffith & Sons J.Grinsell & Sons Hamilton & Inches C.F.Hancock Harrison Br. & Howson Hawksworth Eyre & Co Hayne & Cater Hennell family Holland Aldwinckle & Slater Horton & Allday Hukin & Heath W.Hutton & Sons G.Jamieson Lambert & Co P.deLamerie Latham & Morton Levi & Salaman Lister & Sons C.Maas & Co Mappin & Webb Martin Hall & Co R.F.Mosley H.G.Murphy Pairpoint Brothers H.H.Plante T.Prime & Son R.Pringle & Sons O. Ramsden Reid & Sons Richards & Brown Roberts & Belk J.Round & Son Sampson Mordan & Co A.B.Savory & Sons Sibray, Hall & Co W & G Sissons Smily Family Spurrier P.Storr Tessiers Ltd F.B.Thomas & Co G.Unite & Sons C.J.Vander Wakely & Wheeler Walker & Hall D&J Wellby Ltd West & Son H.Wilkinson & Co J.Williams & Co H.Woodward & Co

AMERICAN SILVER MANUFACTURERS: MARKS, HISTORY AND INFORMATION

AMERICAN SILVERSMITHS ALVIN CORPORATION BLACK, STARR & FROST J.E.CALDWELL & CO CLEMENS FRIEDELL WILLIAM GALE GORHAM HOLMES & EDWARDS HOTCHKISS & SCHREUDER INTERNATIONAL SILVER CO KIRK STIEFF DANIEL LOW & CO LUNT SILVERSMITHS MAUSER MFG. CO MERIDEN BRITANNIA CO POOLE SILVER CO REED & BARTON BERNARD RICE'S SONS ROGERS GEORGE W. SHIEBLER & CO SHREVE, CRUMP & LOW SIMPSON, HALL, MILLER & CO WILLIAM SPRATLING ARTHUR STONE TIFFANY & CO TOWLE TUTTLE SILVERSMITHS WALLACE WATSON COMPANY E.G. WEBSTER & SON WHITING MFG CO WILCOX SILVER PLATE CO

ELECTROPLATED SILVER
The two common forms of plated silver are Sheffield plate and silverplate/electroplate.
Sheffield Plate is a cheaper substitute for sterling, produced by fusing sheets of silver to the top and bottom of a sheet of copper or base metal. This 'silver sandwich' was then worked into finished pieces. At first it was only put on one side and later was on top and bottom.
Modern electroplating was invented by Italian chemist Luigi V. Brugnatelli in 1805. Brugnatelli used his colleague Alessandro Volta's invention of five years earlier, the voltaic pile, to facilitate the first electrodeposition. Unfortunately, Brugnatelli's inventions were repressed by the French Academy of Sciences and did not become used in general industry for the following thirty years.
Silver plate or electroplate is formed when a thin layer of pure or sterling silver is deposited electrolytically on the surface of a base metal. By 1839, scientists in Britain and Russia had independently devised metal deposition processes similar to Brugnatelli's for the copper electroplating of printing press plates.
Soon after, John Wright of Birmingham, England, discovered that potassium cyanide was a suitable electrolyte for gold and silver electroplating.
Wright's associates, George Elkington and Henry Elkington were awarded the first patents for electroplating in 1840. These two then founded the electroplating industry in Birmingham England from where it spread around the world.
Common base metals include copper, brass, nickel silver (an alloy of copper, zinc and nickel) and Britannia metal-a tin alloy with 5-10% antimony.
Electroplated materials are often stamped EPNS for electroplated nickel or silver, or EPBM for electroplated Britannia metal.
E.P.N.S. (Electroplated Nickel Silver) and EPBM (Electroplated Britannia Metal) are the most common names attributed to silver plate items. But many other names are used for silver plate:
EPWM - Electroplate on White Metal, EPC - Electroplate on Copper, Argentium Argentine Plate, Argentum, Ascetic B. B. S. Ltd, Ashberry, Austrian Silver, Brazilian Silver D&A Trademark of Daniel and Arter, Buxbridge - Trademark name of JT&Co., Electrum, Encore TT&Co Trademark of T. Turner, Exquisite, HH&S , I.XL Geo. Wostenholm & Son, Insignia Plate, JB&S EP A1, JD&S = John Dixon & Sons, K & TL , M&W Mappin and Webb, N.S. New Silver, Nevada Silver D&A Trademark of Daniel and Arter, Norwegian Silver; Trademark of WG&S, Pelican Silver JGNS, Potosi Silver N&S WP, RN&S EP Neill, Silverite = Trademark of W P & Co , Sonora Silver = Trademark of Walker and Hall, Spur Silver = Trademark of E B & Co for Edwin Blyde & Co, Stainless N. S., Stainless Nickel, Stainless Nickel Silver, Venetian Silver - Trademark of Deykin & Sons, WF&SS EP
HALLMARKS OF BRITISH SILVER
The hallmarking of British silver is based on a combination of marks that allow the identification of the origin and the age of each piece. The marks are:
Town mark, corresponding to the mark of the assay office that has verified the piece

Lion's passant guardant or Britannia or lion's head erased certifiying the silver's quality

Maker's mark, identifying the silversmith presenting the piece to the assay office

Date letter, in cycles of twenty letters of the alphabet of different shape identifies the year in which the piece was verified by the assay office

A further mark was used in the period 1784 - 1890:
Sovereign head ('duty mark'), certifying the payment of duty

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POINÇON DE L'ARGENT ET POINCON DE L'ORFEVRE

POINÇONS DE L'ARGENT ET DE L'ARGENTERIE

HALLMARKS OF BRITISH SILVER
The hallmarking of British silver is based on a combination of marks that allow the identification of the origin and the age of each piece. The marks are:
Town mark, corresponding to the mark of the assay office that has verified the piece

POINÇON DE L'ARGENT ET POINCON DE L'ORFEVRE

POINÇONS DE L'ARGENT ET DE L'ARGENTERIE

HALLMARKS OF BRITISH SILVER The hallmarking of British silver is based on a combination of marks that allow the identification of the origin and the age of each piece. The marks are: Town mark, corresponding to the mark of the assay office that has verified the piece

HALLMARKS OF BRITISH SILVER
The hallmarking of British silver is based on a combination of marks that allow the identification of the origin and the age of each piece. The marks are:
Town mark, corresponding to the mark of the assay office that has verified the piece